"Challenges Faced by Palestinian Journalists While Covering the Conflict with Israeli Occupation: A Study within the Framework of the Hierarchy of Influences Model"

Journalism is a vital profession that plays a significant role in shaping public awareness, particularly in conflict and war zones. In contexts of armed conflict, such as the ongoing struggle between Palestine and the Israeli occupation, journalists serve as key witnesses, documenting events and conveying an accurate representation of realities on the ground to the global audience. Despite the crucial importance of journalism, journalists in hotspots face significant challenges, including threats to their personal safety,



Palestinian journalists , represent a unique case within the field of journalism. Operating in a complex environment of continuous military and political conflict, they contend with restricted freedom of movement and daily exposure to threats and risks. Beyond physical dangers, they experience psychological stress stemming from covering violent incidents.

In light of these difficult circumstances, questions arise about how such challenges impact the quality of journalistic coverage and the ability of Palestinian journalists to adhere to professional and ethical standards. How do these pressures affect their mental and social well-being? How do they influence their capacity to deliver balanced and objective reporting?

This study seeks to explore the challenges faced by Palestinian journalists in covering the conflict with the Israeli occupation, focusing on psychological, social, professional, and technical dimensions. It also examines how these challenges affect the quality of journalistic coverage and the ability of journalists to provide accurate and objective information to the public. The study highlights the negative impacts of covering violence and ongoing conflict on journalists' mental health, social lives, and performance.